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000284609 1001_ $$00000-0002-0284-8959$$aTong, Tammy Y N$$b0
000284609 245__ $$aDietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: a prospective analysis of 356,000 participants in seven European countries.
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000284609 520__ $$aPreviously reported associations of protein-rich foods with stroke subtypes have prompted interest in the assessment of individual amino acids. We examined the associations of dietary amino acids with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the EPIC study.We analysed data from 356,142 participants from seven European countries. Dietary intakes of 19 individual amino acids were assessed using validated country-specific dietary questionnaires, calibrated using additional 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in relation to the intake of each amino acid. The role of blood pressure as a potential mechanism was assessed in 267,642 (75%) participants.After a median follow-up of 12.9 years, 4295 participants had an ischaemic stroke and 1375 participants had a haemorrhagic stroke. After correction for multiple testing, a higher intake of proline (as a percent of total protein) was associated with a 12% lower risk of ischaemic stroke (HR per 1 SD higher intake 0.88; 95% CI 0.82, 0.94). The association persisted after mutual adjustment for all other amino acids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The inverse associations of isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, glutamic acid, serine and tyrosine with ischaemic stroke were each attenuated with adjustment for proline intake. For haemorrhagic stroke, no statistically significant associations were observed in the continuous analyses after correcting for multiple testing.Higher proline intake may be associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke, independent of other dietary amino acids and blood pressure.
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000284609 650_7 $$2Other$$aAmino acids
000284609 650_7 $$2Other$$aDietary protein
000284609 650_7 $$2Other$$aHaemorrhagic stroke
000284609 650_7 $$2Other$$aIschaemic stroke
000284609 650_7 $$2Other$$aNutritional epidemiology
000284609 650_7 $$2Other$$aProspective cohort
000284609 7001_ $$aClarke, Robert$$b1
000284609 7001_ $$aSchmidt, Julie A$$b2
000284609 7001_ $$aHuybrechts, Inge$$b3
000284609 7001_ $$aNoor, Urwah$$b4
000284609 7001_ $$aForouhi, Nita G$$b5
000284609 7001_ $$aImamura, Fumiaki$$b6
000284609 7001_ $$aTravis, Ruth C$$b7
000284609 7001_ $$aWeiderpass, Elisabete$$b8
000284609 7001_ $$aAleksandrova, Krasimira$$b9
000284609 7001_ $$aDahm, Christina C$$b10
000284609 7001_ $$avan der Schouw, Yvonne T$$b11
000284609 7001_ $$aOvervad, Kim$$b12
000284609 7001_ $$aKyrø, Cecilie$$b13
000284609 7001_ $$aTjønneland, Anne$$b14
000284609 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)4b2dc91c9d1ac33a1c0e0777d0c1697a$$aKaaks, Rudolf$$b15$$udkfz
000284609 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)fb68a9386399d72d84f7f34cfc6048b4$$aKatzke, Verena$$b16$$udkfz
000284609 7001_ $$aSchiborn, Catarina$$b17
000284609 7001_ $$aSchulze, Matthias B$$b18
000284609 7001_ $$aMayen-Chacon, Ana-Lucia$$b19
000284609 7001_ $$aMasala, Giovanna$$b20
000284609 7001_ $$aSieri, Sabina$$b21
000284609 7001_ $$ade Magistris, Maria Santucci$$b22
000284609 7001_ $$aTumino, Rosario$$b23
000284609 7001_ $$aSacerdote, Carlotta$$b24
000284609 7001_ $$aBoer, Jolanda M A$$b25
000284609 7001_ $$aVerschuren, W M Monique$$b26
000284609 7001_ $$aBrustad, Magritt$$b27
000284609 7001_ $$aNøst, Therese Haugdahl$$b28
000284609 7001_ $$aCrous-Bou, Marta$$b29
000284609 7001_ $$aPetrova, Dafina$$b30
000284609 7001_ $$aAmiano, Pilar$$b31
000284609 7001_ $$aHuerta, José María$$b32
000284609 7001_ $$aMoreno-Iribas, Conchi$$b33
000284609 7001_ $$aEngström, Gunnar$$b34
000284609 7001_ $$aMelander, Olle$$b35
000284609 7001_ $$aJohansson, Kristina$$b36
000284609 7001_ $$aLindvall, Kristina$$b37
000284609 7001_ $$aAglago, Elom K$$b38
000284609 7001_ $$aHeath, Alicia K$$b39
000284609 7001_ $$aButterworth, Adam S$$b40
000284609 7001_ $$aDanesh, John$$b41
000284609 7001_ $$aKey, Timothy J$$b42
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