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@ARTICLE{Degenhardt:286720,
      author       = {K. Degenhardt and S. Schmidt$^*$ and C. S. Aigner and F.
                      Kratzer$^*$ and D. P. Seiter and M. Mueller and C. Kolbitsch
                      and A. Nagel$^*$ and O. Wieben and T. Schaeffter and J.
                      Schulz-Menger and S. Schmitter$^*$},
      title        = {{T}oward accurate and fast velocity quantification with
                      3{D} ultrashort {TE} phase-contrast imaging.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {91},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-00060},
      pages        = {1994-2009},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {#LA:E020# / 2024 May;91(5):1994-2009},
      abstract     = {Traditional phase-contrast MRI is affected by displacement
                      artifacts caused by non-synchronized spatial- and
                      velocity-encoding time points. The resulting inaccurate
                      velocity maps can affect the accuracy of derived hemodynamic
                      parameters. This study proposes and characterizes a 3D
                      radial phase-contrast UTE (PC-UTE) sequence to reduce
                      displacement artifacts. Furthermore, it investigates the
                      displacement of a standard Cartesian flow sequence by
                      utilizing a displacement-free
                      synchronized-single-point-imaging MR sequence (SYNC-SPI)
                      that requires clinically prohibitively long acquisition
                      times.3D flow data was acquired at 3T at three different
                      constant flow rates and varying spatial resolutions in a
                      stenotic aorta phantom using the proposed PC-UTE, a
                      Cartesian flow sequence, and a SYNC-SPI sequence as
                      reference. Expected displacement artifacts were calculated
                      from gradient timing waveforms and compared to displacement
                      values measured in the in vitro flow experiments.The PC-UTE
                      sequence reduces displacement and intravoxel dephasing,
                      leading to decreased geometric distortions and signal
                      cancellations in magnitude images, and more spatially
                      accurate velocity quantification compared to the Cartesian
                      flow acquisitions; errors increase with velocity and higher
                      spatial resolution.PC-UTE MRI can measure velocity vector
                      fields with greater accuracy than Cartesian acquisitions
                      (although pulsatile fields were not studied) and shorter
                      scan times than SYNC-SPI. As such, this approach is superior
                      to traditional Cartesian 3D and 4D flow MRI when spatial
                      misrepresentations cannot be tolerated, for example, when
                      computational fluid dynamics simulations are compared to or
                      combined with in vitro or in vivo measurements, or regional
                      parameters such as wall shear stress are of interest.},
      keywords     = {4D flow MRI (Other) / GIRF (Other) / PC-UTE (Other) /
                      displacement artifact (Other) / flow artifact (Other) /
                      gradient imperfections (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38174601},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.29978},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/286720},
}