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@ARTICLE{Streit:289132,
      author       = {F. Streit and M. P. Völker and J. Klinger-König and L.
                      Zillich and J. Frank and I. Reinhard and J. C. Foo and S. H.
                      Witt and L. Sirignano and H. Becher and N. Obi and O. Riedel
                      and S. Do and S. Castell and M. J. Hassenstein and A. Karch
                      and A. Stang and B. Schmidt and T. Schikowski and A.
                      Stahl-Pehe and H. Brenner$^*$ and L. Perna and K. H.
                      Greiser$^*$ and R. Kaaks$^*$ and K. B. Michels and C.-W.
                      Franzke and A. Peters and B. Fischer and J. Konzok and R.
                      Mikolajczyk and A. Führer and T. Keil and J. Fricke and S.
                      N. Willich and T. Pischon and H. Völzke and C.
                      Meinke-Franze and M. Loeffler and K. Wirkner and K. Berger
                      and H. J. Grabe and M. Rietschel},
      title        = {{T}he interplay of family history of depression and early
                      trauma: associations with lifetime and current depression in
                      the {G}erman national cohort ({NAKO}).},
      journal      = {Frontiers in epidemiology},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {2674-1199},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-00599},
      pages        = {1099235},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Family history of depression and childhood maltreatment are
                      established risk factors for depression. However, how these
                      factors are interrelated and jointly influence depression
                      risk is not well understood. The present study investigated
                      (i) if childhood maltreatment is associated with a family
                      history of depression (ii) if family history and childhood
                      maltreatment are associated with increased lifetime and
                      current depression, and whether both factors interact beyond
                      their main effects, and (iii) if family history affects
                      lifetime and current depression via childhood
                      maltreatment.Analyses were based on a subgroup of the first
                      100,000 participants of the German National Cohort (NAKO),
                      with complete information (58,703 participants, mean age =
                      51.2 years, $53\%$ female). Parental family history of
                      depression was assessed via self-report, childhood
                      maltreatment with the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS),
                      lifetime depression with self-reported physician's diagnosis
                      and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview
                      (MINI), and current depressive symptoms with the depression
                      scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
                      Generalized linear models were used to test main and
                      interaction effects. Mediation was tested using causal
                      mediation analyses.Higher frequencies of the childhood
                      maltreatment measures were found in subjects reporting a
                      positive family history of depression. Family history and
                      childhood maltreatment were independently associated with
                      increased depression. No statistical interactions of family
                      history and childhood maltreatment were found for the
                      lifetime depression measures. For current depressive
                      symptoms (PHQ-9 sum score), an interaction was found, with
                      stronger associations of childhood maltreatment and
                      depression in subjects with a positive family history.
                      Childhood maltreatment was estimated to mediate $7\%-12\%$
                      of the effect of family history on depression, with higher
                      mediated proportions in subjects whose parents had a
                      depression onset below 40 years. Abuse showed stronger
                      associations with family history and depression, and higher
                      mediated proportions of family history effects on depression
                      than neglect.The present study confirms the association of
                      childhood maltreatment and family history with depression in
                      a large population-based cohort. While analyses provide
                      little evidence for the joint effects of both risk factors
                      on depression beyond their individual effects, results are
                      consistent with family history affecting depression via
                      childhood maltreatment to a small extent.},
      keywords     = {abuse (Other) / childhood trauma (Other) / depression
                      (Other) / family history (Other) / genetics (Other) /
                      maltreatment (Other) / neglect (Other)},
      cin          = {C070 / C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38523800},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10959537},
      doi          = {10.3389/fepid.2023.1099235},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/289132},
}