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@ARTICLE{Zhang:290379,
      author       = {K. Zhang and S. M. F. Triphan and M. O. Wielpütz and C. H.
                      Ziener$^*$ and M. E. Ladd$^*$ and H.-P. Schlemmer$^*$ and
                      H.-U. Kauczor and O. Sedlaczek$^*$ and F. T. Kurz$^*$},
      title        = {{N}avigator-based motion compensation for liver {BOLD}
                      measurement with five-echo {SAGE} {EPI} and breath-hold
                      task.},
      journal      = {NMR in biomedicine},
      volume       = {37},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {0952-3480},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2024-01092},
      pages        = {e5173},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {#LA:E010# / 2024 Oct;37(10):e5173},
      abstract     = {The purpose of this work is to apply multi-echo spin- and
                      gradient-echo (SAGE) echo-planar imaging (EPI) combined with
                      a navigator-based (NAV) prospective motion compensation
                      method for a quantitative liver blood oxygen level dependent
                      (BOLD) measurement with a breath-hold (BH) task.A five-echo
                      SAGE sequence was developed to quantitatively measure T2 and
                      T2* to depict function with sufficient signal-to-noise
                      ratio, spatial resolution and sensitivity to BOLD changes
                      induced by the BH task. To account for respiratory motion, a
                      navigator was employed in the form of a single gradient-echo
                      projection readout, located at the diaphragm along the
                      inferior-superior direction. Prior to each transverse
                      imaging slice of the spin-echo EPI-based readouts, navigator
                      acquisition and fat suppression were incorporated. Motion
                      data was obtained from the navigator and transmitted back to
                      the sequence, allowing real-time adjustments to slice
                      positioning. Six healthy volunteers and three patients with
                      liver carcinoma were included in this study. Quantitative T2
                      and T2* were calculated at each time point of the BH task.
                      Parameters of t value from first-level analysis using a
                      general linear model and hepatovascular reactivity (HVR) of
                      Echo1, T2 and T2* were calculated.The motion caused by
                      respiratory activity was successfully compensated using the
                      navigator signal. The average changes of T2 and T2* during
                      breath-hold were about $1\%$ and $0.7\%,$ respectively. With
                      the help of NAV prospective motion compensation whole liver
                      t values could be obtained without motion artifacts. The
                      quantified liver T2 (34.7 ± 0.7 ms) and T2* (29 ± 1.2 ms)
                      values agreed with values from literature. In healthy
                      volunteers, the distribution of statistical t value and HVR
                      was homogeneous throughout the whole liver. In patients with
                      liver carcinoma, the distribution of t value and HVR was
                      inhomogeneous due to metastases or therapy.This study
                      demonstrates the feasibility of using a NAV prospective
                      motion compensation technique in conjunction with five-echo
                      SAGE EPI for the quantitative measurement of liver BOLD with
                      a BH task.},
      keywords     = {hepatovascular reactivity (Other) / navigator‐based slice
                      tracking (Other) / prospective motion compensation (Other) /
                      quantitative liver BOLD (Other)},
      cin          = {E010 / E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38783837},
      doi          = {10.1002/nbm.5173},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/290379},
}