000303229 001__ 303229 000303229 005__ 20250803021910.0 000303229 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/cancers17142275 000303229 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:40723159 000303229 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:179799901 000303229 037__ $$aDKFZ-2025-01580 000303229 041__ $$aEnglish 000303229 082__ $$a610 000303229 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)fb68a9386399d72d84f7f34cfc6048b4$$aKatzke, Verena$$b0$$eFirst author$$udkfz 000303229 245__ $$aSex Disparities and Female Reproductive and Hormonal Factors Associated with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort. 000303229 260__ $$aBasel$$bMDPI$$c2025 000303229 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000303229 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000303229 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1753941073_19395 000303229 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000303229 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000303229 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000303229 500__ $$a#EA:C020#LA:C020# 000303229 520__ $$aBackground/Objectives: Worldwide, men experience a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) than women. Methods: To increase understanding of the underlying reasons for this sex-related difference, we analysed general and sex-related risk factors for PC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (women/men No. = 293,682/136,728; 717/577 PC-cases). Results: Cox proportional hazards models showed a 1.31-fold higher risk of developing PC for men compared to women (HR, 95% CI 1.15-1.49) after adjustment for age, smoking history, BMI, diabetes, and alcohol consumption. Associations of PC with established risk factors did not differ between men and women, with the exception of a greater risk of PC among women with greater attained body height, meat consumption and cigarettes smoked (1.12 (1.05-1.19) per 5 cm, 1.18 (1.02-1.36) per 100 g/d, 1.42 (1.27-1.59) per 10/d; respectively). Among child-bearing women, long cumulative duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with risk of PC (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.89) for >5.7 months of breastfeeding (median) relative to ≤5.7 months and among HRT users, cumulative duration of HRT use was inversely associated with PC risk (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.95, >2.4 versus ≤2.4 years). Further reproductive and hormonal factors, such as age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, age at menopause, or use of oral contraceptives, were not significantly associated with PC risk. Conclusions: Pooled analyses of large cohort studies are needed to confirm these results, and detailed data on the type and intensity of HRT are required to better evaluate its effect. 000303229 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313$$a313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)$$cPOF4-313$$fPOF IV$$x0 000303229 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: inrepo02.dkfz.de 000303229 650_7 $$2Other$$aEPIC study 000303229 650_7 $$2Other$$ahormonal factors 000303229 650_7 $$2Other$$apancreatic cancer 000303229 650_7 $$2Other$$areproductive factors 000303229 650_7 $$2Other$$asex differences 000303229 650_7 $$2Other$$awomen 000303229 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)695e2f977f4904bd23f3d05c0b5ac84a$$aDutta, Srimanti$$b1$$udkfz 000303229 7001_ $$aRasokat, Anna$$b2 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0003-3979-9553$$aArchibugi, Livia$$b3 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-0019-8753$$aCapurso, Gabriele$$b4 000303229 7001_ $$aPeduzzi, Giulia$$b5 000303229 7001_ $$aGentiluomo, Manuel$$b6 000303229 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)5323704270b6393dcea70186ffd86bca$$aCanzian, Federico$$b7$$udkfz 000303229 7001_ $$aEriksen, Anne Kirstine$$b8 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0003-4385-2097$$aTjønneland, Anne$$b9 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0003-0481-2893$$aDahm, Christina C$$b10 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-2943-6786$$aTruong, Therese$$b11 000303229 7001_ $$aCanonico, Marianne$$b12 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-8532-456X$$aLaouali, Nasser$$b13 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-0830-5277$$aSchulze, Matthias B$$b14 000303229 7001_ $$aTumino, Rosario$$b15 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-5758-9069$$aMasala, Giovanna$$b16 000303229 7001_ $$aAgnoli, Claudia$$b17 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0003-2304-5378$$aDansero, Lucia$$b18 000303229 7001_ $$aPanico, Salvatore$$b19 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0003-1493-4288$$aCrous-Bou, Marta$$b20 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-0428-2426$$aMolina-Montes, Esther$$b21 000303229 7001_ $$00000-0002-0226-5358$$aDorronsoro, Ane$$b22 000303229 7001_ $$aChirlaque, María-Dolores$$b23 000303229 7001_ 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