% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded. This means that in the presence % of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older. % Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or % “biber”. @ARTICLE{Katzke:303229, author = {V. Katzke$^*$ and S. Dutta$^*$ and A. Rasokat and L. Archibugi and G. Capurso and G. Peduzzi and M. Gentiluomo and F. Canzian$^*$ and A. K. Eriksen and A. Tjønneland and C. C. Dahm and T. Truong and M. Canonico and N. Laouali and M. B. Schulze and R. Tumino and G. Masala and C. Agnoli and L. Dansero and S. Panico and M. Crous-Bou and E. Molina-Montes and A. Dorronsoro and M.-D. Chirlaque and M. Guevara and S. T. Butt and M. Sund and S. Christakoudi and E. K. Aglago and E. Weiderpass and M. Gunter and D. Campa and R. Kaaks$^*$}, title = {{S}ex {D}isparities and {F}emale {R}eproductive and {H}ormonal {F}actors {A}ssociated with {R}isk of {P}ancreatic {C}ancer in the {E}uropean {P}rospective {I}nvestigation into {C}ancer and {N}utrition ({EPIC}) {C}ohort.}, journal = {Cancers}, volume = {17}, number = {14}, issn = {2072-6694}, address = {Basel}, publisher = {MDPI}, reportid = {DKFZ-2025-01580}, pages = {2275}, year = {2025}, note = {#EA:C020#LA:C020#}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Worldwide, men experience a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) than women. Methods: To increase understanding of the underlying reasons for this sex-related difference, we analysed general and sex-related risk factors for PC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (women/men No. = 293,682/136,728; 717/577 PC-cases). Results: Cox proportional hazards models showed a 1.31-fold higher risk of developing PC for men compared to women (HR, $95\%$ CI 1.15-1.49) after adjustment for age, smoking history, BMI, diabetes, and alcohol consumption. Associations of PC with established risk factors did not differ between men and women, with the exception of a greater risk of PC among women with greater attained body height, meat consumption and cigarettes smoked (1.12 (1.05-1.19) per 5 cm, 1.18 (1.02-1.36) per 100 g/d, 1.42 (1.27-1.59) per 10/d; respectively). Among child-bearing women, long cumulative duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with risk of PC (HR 0.74, $95\%$ CI 0.61-0.89) for >5.7 months of breastfeeding (median) relative to ≤5.7 months and among HRT users, cumulative duration of HRT use was inversely associated with PC risk (HR 0.71, $95\%$ CI 0.53-0.95, >2.4 versus ≤2.4 years). Further reproductive and hormonal factors, such as age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, age at menopause, or use of oral contraceptives, were not significantly associated with PC risk. Conclusions: Pooled analyses of large cohort studies are needed to confirm these results, and detailed data on the type and intensity of HRT are required to better evaluate its effect.}, keywords = {EPIC study (Other) / hormonal factors (Other) / pancreatic cancer (Other) / reproductive factors (Other) / sex differences (Other) / women (Other)}, cin = {C020 / C055}, ddc = {610}, cid = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C055-20160331}, pnm = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)}, pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313}, typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16}, pubmed = {pmid:40723159}, doi = {10.3390/cancers17142275}, url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/303229}, }