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| Home > Publications database > Water calorimetry-based beam quality correction factors for carbon and helium ion beams. |
| Journal Article | DKFZ-2026-01380 |
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2026
IOP Publ.
Bristol
Abstract: To determine beam quality correction factors, kQ, in single-layer scanned carbon and helium ion beams using water calorimetry, thereby reducing uncertainties in dosimetry for light ion therapy. Approach. Water calorimetry measurements were performed under harmonized conditions at two synchrotron-based ion beam therapy centers (MedAustron, Austria and HIT, Germany). Measurements were conducted in the plateau region of single-layer scanned beams. Carbon ion beams covered nominal energies from 213.4 to 402.8 MeV/u, while helium ion beams were measured at 196.3 and 198.8 MeV/u. Multiple cylindrical (IBA FC65-G, PTW 30013) and plane-parallel (IBA PPC05, PPC40; PTW 34001, 34045) ionization chamber types were investigated. Results. kQ-factors were determined with standard uncertainties of approximately 1%, depending on chamber type and measurement condition. For all investigated chambers, inter-center agreement was observed within the combined standard uncertainties. Chamber-to-chamber variability was below 0.5% for chamber types for which two samples were available, except for the IBA PPC05, for which differences up to 1% were observed. For carbon ion beams, the measured kQ-factors are consistent with previously published water calorimetry-based results. However, systematic deviations up to 3% persist between experimentally determined and Monte Carlo-derived kQ values. The measured kQ-factors for helium ions show trends that are broadly similar to those observed in carbon ion beams across all chamber types. Significance. This work expands the experimental kQ-database for light ions by providing new carbon ion data and the first experimental kQ-factors for helium ion beams. These results provide essential experimental data for future refinement of dosimetry recommendations, and highlight persistent discrepancies between the experimental and Monte Carlo-based kQ-factors that require further investigation.
Keyword(s): Beam quality correction factor ; Carbon ions ; Helium ions ; Ionization chambers ; Water calorimetry
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