Journal Article

DKFZ-2025-00691

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Open-source implementation of X-nuclear sequences using the Pulseq framework.

Liu, X. ; Cui, D. ; Larson, P. E. Z. ; Mayer, D. ; Korzowski, A.DKFZ* ; Nielsen, J.-F. ; Schulte, R. F. ; Mu, C. ; Carvajal, L. ; Xu, D. ; Gordon, J. W. ; Vigneron, D. B. ; Flavell, R. R. ; Wang, Z. J.

2025
Wiley-Liss New York, NY [u.a.]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1002/mrm.30509

Abstract: Create vendor-neutral modular sequences for X-nuclear acquisitions and build an X-nuclear-enabled Pulseq interpreter for GE (GE HealthCare, Waukesha, WI) scanners.We designed a modular 2D gradient echo spiral sequence to support several sequence formats and a modular metabolite-specific 3D balanced steady-state free precession sequence for hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (13C) MRI. In addition, we developed a new Pulseq interpreter for GE scanners, named TOPPE MNS (TOPPE Multi-Nuclear Spectroscopy), to implement X-nuclear acquisitions capabilities. We evaluated TOPPE MNS and the modular sequences through phantom studies using phosphorus-31 (31P), hydrogen-2 (2H), and 13C coils, and in vivo studies including a human brain deuterium metabolic imaging study at natural abundance, HP 13C animal studies, and human renal studies.Data from the 13C phantom showed the accuracy of designed modular sequences and consistent performance with the product sequences. 31P, 2H, and 13C phantom studies and a multi-vendor/multi-version 13C phantom study showed accurate excitation and spatial encoding functionalities. A 2H-MRS brain volunteer study, HP [1-13C]pyruvate animal study, and human renal study showed good image quality with SNR comparable to those reported in the published literature. These results demonstrated the reproducibility of the TOPPE MNS GE interpreter and modular spiral sequences.We have designed a modular 2D gradient echo spiral sequence supporting several sequence formats and a modular metabolic-specific 3D balanced steady-state free precession sequence for 13C acquisition, as well as developed a GE interpreter with X-nucleus capabilities. Our work paves the way for future multi-site studies with acquisitions for X-nuclei across MRI vendors and software versions.

Keyword(s): X‐nuclear MRI ; multi‐vendor MRI ; open source ; pulse sequence programming ; vendor‐neutral

Note: 2025 Aug;94(2):651-664

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. E020 Med. Physik in der Radiologie (E020)
2. DKTK HD zentral (HD01)

Research Program(s):

1. 315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315) (POF4-315)

Appears in the scientific report 2025

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Database coverage:
; BIOSIS Previews ; Biological Abstracts ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Clinical Medicine ; Current Contents - Life Sciences ; DEAL Wiley ; Essential Science Indicators ; Nationallizenz ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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