Journal Article

DKFZ-2026-00145

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Interactions between genetic predisposition to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk and food or beverage intake for incident type 2 diabetes: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) InterAct case-cohort study.

Li, S. X. ; Imamura, F. ; Sharp, S. J. ; Schulze, M. B. ; Zheng, J.-S. ; Amiano, P. ; Ardanaz, E. ; Bergmann, M. M. ; Chirlaque, M.-D. ; Fagherazzi, G. ; Franks, P. W. ; Grioni, S. ; Ibsen, D. B. ; Jakszyn, P. ; Johansson, I. ; Katzke, V. A.DKFZ* ; Laouali, N. ; Mancini, F. R. ; Overvad, K. ; Palli, D. ; Panico, S. ; Redondo-Sánchez, D. ; Ricceri, F. ; Rolandsson, O. ; Srour, B. ; Tjønneland, A. ; Tong, T. Y. N. ; van der Schouw, Y. T. ; Riboli, E. ; Langenberg, C. ; Forouhi, N. G. ; Wareham, N. J.

2026
Elsevier Amsterdam

Abstract: Limited evidence exists for effect-modification of genetic characteristics on the associations of food consumption and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).we aimed to investigate whether the food-T2D association would vary by genetic susceptibility to metabolic traits.We analyzed data from 9,542 incident T2D cases and a subcohort of 12,477 participants nested within the 340,234-participant cohort recruited in 1991-1998 and followed up for 10.9 years on average in eight European countries. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for higher body-mass index, insulin resistance, and T2D were constructed. Fifteen dietary variables potentially associated with T2D, obtained with cohort-specific self-reported dietary assessment, were examined: fruits, green-leafy vegetables, root vegetables, wholegrains, rice, legumes, nuts and seeds, fermented dairy, red meat, processed meat, fish, eggs and egg products, sugar-sweetened beverages, coffee, and tea. A cross-product term between each PRS and each food/beverage was evaluated by genotyping chip and country with Prentice-weighted Cox regression for incident T2D, and stratum-specific estimates were meta-analyzed, followed by Benjamini-Yekutieli multiple-testing correction.Accounting for multiple tests of three PRSs × 15 dietary items, no evidence of statistical interaction was evident on either a multiplicative or additive scale, with exp(β for a multiplicative interaction) (95% confidence interval) ranging from 0.84 (0.64, 1.10) (root vegetables and PRS for T2D) to 1.45 (0.78-2.76) (fish and PRS for T2D).Genetic susceptibility to high-risk metabolic traits did not modify the diet-T2D associations in European populations. Acknowledging the limitations of current PRS-based methods to detect gene-diet interactions, research should continue into the potential for precision nutrition and tailored food-based dietary guidance for T2D prevention.

Keyword(s): diabetes ; diet ; effect modification ; epidemiology ; gene-diet interaction ; insulin resistance ; nutritional epidemiology ; obesity ; polygenic risk score ; precision nutrition

Note: Volume 123, Issue 3, March 2026, 101198

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Epidemiologie von Krebs (C020)

Research Program(s):

1. 313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313) (POF4-313)

Appears in the scientific report 2026

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Database coverage:
; ; BIOSIS Previews ; Biological Abstracts ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Clinical Medicine ; Current Contents - Life Sciences ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 5 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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