Journal Article

DKFZ-2024-02628

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Examining causal relationships between educational attainment and type 2 diabetes using genetic analysis: findings from the EPIC-InterAct study through Mendelian randomisation.

Macciotta, A. ; Sacerdote, C. ; Giachino, C. ; Di Girolamo, C. ; Franco, M. ; van der Schouw, Y. T. ; Zamora-Ros, R. ; Weiderpass, E. ; Domenighetti, C. ; Elbaz, A. ; Truong, T. ; Agnoli, C. ; Bendinelli, B. ; Panico, S. ; Vineis, P. ; Christakoudi, S. ; Schulze, M. B. ; Katzke, V.DKFZ* ; Bajracharya, R.DKFZ* ; Dahm, C. C. ; Dalton, S. O. ; Colorado-Yohar, S. M. ; Moreno-Iribas, C. ; Etxezarreta, P. A. ; Sanchez, M. J. ; Forouhi, N. G. ; Wareham, N. ; Ricceri, F.

2025
BMJ Publ. Group London

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1136/jech-2024-222734

Abstract: Observational studies have shown that more educated people are at lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, robust study designs are needed to investigate the likelihood that such a relationship is causal. This study used genetic instruments for education to estimate the effect of education on T2D using the Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach.Analyses have been conducted in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study (more than 20 000 individuals), a case-cohort study of T2D nested in the EPIC cohort. Education was measured as Years of Education and Relative Index of Inequality. Prentice-weighted Cox models were performed to estimate the association between education and T2D. One-sample MR analyses investigated whether genetic predisposition towards longer education was associated with risk of T2D and investigated potential mediators of the association.MR estimates indicated a risk reduction of about 15% for each year of longer education on the risk of developing T2D, confirming the protective role estimated by observational models (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.96). MR analyses on putative mediators showed a significant role of education on body mass index, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and smoking habits.The results supported the hypothesis that higher education is a protective factor for the risk of developing T2D. Based on its position in the causal chain, education may be antecedent of other known risk factors for T2D including unhealthy behaviours. These findings reinforce evidence obtained through observational study designs and bridge the gap between correlation and causation.

Keyword(s): DIABETES MELLITUS ; EDUCATION ; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ANALYSIS

Note: 2025 Apr 10;79(5):373-379

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Epidemiologie von Krebs (C020)

Research Program(s):

1. 313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313) (POF4-313)

Appears in the scientific report 2024

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Database coverage:
; BIOSIS Previews ; Biological Abstracts ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Clinical Medicine ; Current Contents - Life Sciences ; Current Contents - Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Ebsco Academic Search ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 5 ; JCR ; National-Konsortium ; PubMed Central ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Social Sciences Citation Index ; Web of Science Core Collection

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