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| Home > Publications database > Deciphering the complex mechanisms of action of lead detoxification by the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. |
| Journal Article | DKFZ-2026-01493 |
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2026
Elsevier
München [u.a.]
Abstract: Lead (Pb) intoxication necessitates detoxification strategies that are efficacious and devoid of the adverse effects characteristic of synthetic chelators. The green microalga Chlorella is of particular interest because it exerts diverse metal-binding properties and is rich in micronutrients that collectively support detoxification with a potentially more favorable safety profile.We hypothesized that employing an experimental model with enhanced Pb2+transport capacity by cells transfected with a cDNA encoding the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and a Chlorella dietary supplement could help elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying its detoxification action.To identify the optimal species, the extracts from Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) supplements were compared in metabolomic profiling by HPLC-HRMS/MS. The DMT1-overexpressing cell model was constructed by assessing the detoxification efficacy of C. vulgaris extract using cell viability and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. Pb2+ concentration was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). To map the complex mechanisms of action, transcriptomic analyses were performed and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and validated by western blotting and fluorescence microscopy.Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity assay identified the C. vulgaris aqueous extract as superior. It attenuated Pb2+-induced cytotoxicity and was prone to promote cellular Pb2+export in DMT1-transfected cells. Transcriptomics revealed that Pb2+exhibited a signature of hepatorenal toxicity, and the aqueous extract rescued the zinc finger protein's function. Western blot and fluorescence microscopy validated that C. vulgaris water extract may orchestrate a multifaceted defense: rectifying Pb2+-induced autophagic flux blockage, alleviating ferroptotic stress, triggering an adaptive metabolic shift via protein lipoylation and a p-STAT3-mediated survival pathway, jointly preserving microtubule integrity.These findings advance prior research by first providing a comprehensive detoxification mechanism framework of C. vulgaris, positioning C. vulgaris as a promising, multi-mechanism supplement for mitigating Pb2+poisoning.
Keyword(s): Chlorella vulgaris: metabolism (MeSH) ; Chlorella vulgaris: chemistry (MeSH) ; Lead: metabolism (MeSH) ; Lead: toxicity (MeSH) ; Plant Extracts: pharmacology (MeSH) ; Antioxidants: pharmacology (MeSH) ; Antioxidants: metabolism (MeSH) ; Chlorella: chemistry (MeSH) ; Chlorella: metabolism (MeSH) ; Cation Transport Proteins: metabolism (MeSH) ; Cation Transport Proteins: genetics (MeSH) ; Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2 (MeSH) ; Dietary Supplements (MeSH) ; Microalgae (MeSH) ; Algal extract ; DMT1 ; Ferroptosis ; Heavy metal ; Poisoning ; Toxicity ; Lead ; Plant Extracts ; Antioxidants ; Cation Transport Proteins ; Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
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